Loyalty in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, The Odyssey by Homer and Do

Loyalty in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, The Odyssey by Homer and Don Quixote by Cervantes This essay has some structural problems. Loyalty is a theme found in many classics. The three classics that are discussed in this paper are _Sir Gawain and the Green Knight_, written by an unknown author, _The Odyssey_ by Homer, and _Don Quixote_, written by Miguel de Cervantes. In all three of the masterpieces loyalty can be traced through the characters action and words. Loyalty is evident in the characters behaviors to one another or maybe through a test they endure. In _The Odyssey_, _Sir Gawain and the Green Knight_, and _Don Quixote_ loyalty is apparent throughout the story. _The Odyssey_ is believed to have been written by Homer and is infused with loyalty throughout the entire epic story. Odysseus is the most faithful, loving, and loyal husband, to Penelope, that any woman could dream of. Odysseus, in the beginning of his description of the trials and tribulations that he has endured, pledged his eternal loyalty to his ever-faithful wife Penelope. ?We are mortal weary and sick at heart/? [if only] now may I see once more/ my hall, my lands, my people before I die!? (Homer 7:233-240). Thought Odysseus did lie with the goddess his loyalty to Penelope held true. The ?Enchantress in her beauty? (Homer 7:274) enslaved the grand Odysseus to her will; yet Odysseus ?in [his] heart [he] never gave consent.? (Homer 7:276) The goddess offered Odysseus a choice, the ?promise [that he] should be/ immortal, [and] youthful, all the days to come? (Homer 7:275-276) or to continue his long continuous voyage to his queen Penelope. Because Odysseus chose to return to his devoted Penelope instead of gaining immortal life he has provided... ...th all my heart and could not bring myself to leave him, no matter how many foolish thing he does.? (Cervantes 2036). Examples of loyalty can be found in many pieces of classic literature such as _Don Quixote_, _The Odyssey_, and _Sir Gawain and the Green Knight_. Many characters in the stories profess their loyalty to other characters. Some of them fail in their loyalty tests while others prevail. I found loyalty to be an underlying theme in all three pieces of literature covered in this paper. The examples provided should prove the theme of loyalty. Bibliography: Cervantes, Miguel. _Don Quixote_. Lawall 1960-2071. Homer. _The Odyssey_. Lawall 209-513. Lawall, Sarah and Maynard Mack, Eds. _The Norton Anthology of world masterpieces: The Western Traditions_. New York. 1999. _Sir Gawain and the Green Knight_. Lawall 1458-1585.

Unappreciated Characters of Franz Kafkas The Metamorphosis :: Metamorphosis essays

The Unappreciated Characters of Metamorphosis The story of The Metamorphosis is one that is very subtle and very delicate. Kafka wrote in a fashion that would allow a reader to interpret the story in a way that may be different each time it is read. From the beginning, we see that a young, hard working, man, Gregor, has turned into a bug, and as the story continues, one can see that he was much more than an insect. What else could he be? Even after his death, it is obvious that Gregor was there for a cause. His family depended on him for their happiness. The purpose for his existence was to serve his family. His mother and father created him and were the driving force behind his physical change. There was a lack of communication that existed throughout the story that revealed how unappreciated they were of Gregor and his sister, who was on her way towards becoming like her brother. Gregor was very important to the family's welfare. At first he was the only working member of the family, and his job was very important; the whole future of Gregor and his family depended on it (p.84). For so long he wanted to quit his work, because he wasn't happy with it. But he said to himself, " Besides, I have to provide for my parents and my sister. (pp. 82-83)." He felt that his family was too dependent of him. When Gregor wouldnt let anyone in his room in fear that they would be horrified by his condition, he thought that his family was harassing him because he was in danger of losing his job, and because the chief would begin harassing his parents again for the old debts" (p. 76). At this point, everyone was angry and wanted him to get up for work. All that mattered to the family was what Gregor was able to provide. After his secret of change to an insect was discovered, they realized that he was no longer of any use to the family, and he was unappreciated in every way. He didn't have his job and no longer had anything to offer. "The house soon started to fall apart; the household was reduced more and more "(p.

Tomorrow When the War Began Essay Year 9

anTomorrow When the War Began by John Marsden Tomorrow when the war began by John Marsden is an epic novel about the struggles 7 mismatched teens face when their home town has been invaded. A series of obstacles including love, lust, politics and friendship is just the start of what these young adults will be put up against in their journey to take back their family and their homes. Decisions will be made and sacrifices will be taken only to help build a stronger and more united front against their enemy.As in real life, first impressions matter. Teenagers come in all different shapes and sizes, and with this group there is no difference. Ellie (the view point in which this novel is written in) is the typical all-round rural teen girl. She loves a bit of girly time with her girlfriends, but doesn’t mind getting her hands dirty helping her parents out with their farm. She’s an intelligent, outgoing, frivolous, young writer who emerges primarily as the ‘glue’ that holds this odd bunch of teens together. â€Å"Rack off guys!I’ll never get this done. †(p. 1) Right from the page l, Marsden has cleverly given us our stereotypical idea of a young teen girl, using slang words like â€Å"Rack off†¦ †. (1 more quote) Homer on the other hand is quite the opposite. Besides the fact that he’s male, his initial introduction could be compared to a young boy or monkey. He’s a rule breaker and a tree shaker. He’s not one to fold under the pressures of his peers and loves to live up to his Greek ancestors. Referred to as wild and outrageous, he’s more brawn than brains.Winding up girls and smashing in windows with his mates takes his fancy, and disobedience may very well be the one word that sums up this tanned and rough Aussie rural. â€Å" Homer was wild and outrageous. He didn’t care what he did or what anyone thought. Mrs Yannos tried to make Homer eat Brussels sprouts; they had a massiv e argument which ended with Homer chucking the sprouts at his mum. Homer always seemed to be in trouble. †(p. 15-16). This extract is a great example of how Marsden has created the form work of a young and rebellious teen boy.Real life experiences are enough to change a person both physically and mentally. These are pivotal moment(s) in a person’s life that make people choose different paths and decide on who they will become from that moment on, whether they know it or not. Ellie’s character is a great example of this with the changes to her personality as the events unfold during their ordeal. This law abiding citizen goes through many tests of logic, skill and quick thinking. Although some situations may terrorise her, they still play a major part in her characters development.In the seventh chapter of this book, Ellie is faced with her first ordeal of stepping out into enemy territory and running to the safety of a tree. â€Å"A single movement was the key t o finding my spirit. There was a tree about four steps away,†¦ I suddenly made myself leave the darkness and go to it†¦. This is it. I’ve done it! It was a dance of courage. At that moment I stopped being an innocent rural teenager and started becoming someone else†¦ † (p. 81-82) Marsden has set this pivotal moment of Ellie’s journey up very well.His descriptive language and well thought-out dialogue really helps put the reader into a position where they can think like Ellie has thought and feel the transformations Ellie has undergone. She’s gotten to the point where she was able to take the plunge into her new and unknown self, leaving her child-like being behind and run towards her new found grownup self. At the beginning of the novel, Ellie portrays Kevin to be self riches guy who loves to be right and quite selfish. â€Å"He was known for having a big ego and he liked to take the credit for everything†¦ † (p. 4)His beliefs an d morals are elements of his personality that change as an effect of the war. In the final chapters of the novel Kevin emerges in a rage of love and friendship to put himself aside and help his injured girlfriend. â€Å"Corrie’s my mate and I’m not going to dump her and run. It has to be me†¦ if you don’t mind I want to do it. †(p. 281) Kevin has made a huge contrast to his old self and shown his loyalty and love for his partner, leaving himself a little more vulnerable with his feels so open unprotected. Again Marsden has incorporated the use of teen slang into Kevin’s speech, so to not lose any of its realism.A good friendship is something that binds groups of people together, no matter the situation. This group’s friendship prospers and grows between every member of the team. Some even fall in love. That’s why when it comes to making tough decisions it can be even tougher if you’re close with one another. At many a time the group finds themselves in sticky situations of life and death. An example of this would be when Homer made the unpopular decision to ask the group to split up. Some members of the group sided with logic and backed up Homer. â€Å"So what are you suggesting? (p. 75) Kevin said, but like in any argument others were against the idea. Homer’s new found leadership made it possible for him to persuade the group against friendship and to side with logic. There was some element of compromise where certain team members stayed together because of other emotional reasons but Homer still got his way. As the novel progresses we see that this decision was a good idea to take on. Marsden has used the idea of relationships between members of the group to favour his main audience of teenagers, but is still a book any age can enjoy.In summary, this â€Å"Tomorrow When The War Began† by John Marsden, delves into the emotional and quite raw parts of the teenage person. These teens a re really stripped to their bare essentials and are forced to take on a new and more sophisticated perspective and personality. Some characters may be idealised for their courage to stand up and make a change. A responder can really relate and take on their emotional journey’s which is another reason why this book is so popular with its wide audience.

The Patriot Act

After the United States was attacked in the infamous 9/11 episode, the United States enacted the United States of 2001 on October 24, 2001 (Mil Net, 2001). The law was passed without any objections to the passage of the law, and was signed by President Bush on October 26 of the same year (Encarta, 2008). The Patriot Act is considered as the centerpiece legislation of the United States' response to the September 11, 2001 tragedy (John Gamboa, 2008).The law by its defintion is a tool that aims to strengthen the instruments of the law enforcement arms of the state, especially its police and prosecutin arms, with the goal of preventing attacks of this kind in the future (Encarta, 2008). The act itself lays out specific rules on surveillance, intelligence gathering and sharing among law enforcement units, money laundering, security at entrance and exit points of the country and criminal law among others (Gamboa, 2008).In conjuction with the applicability of other statutes, has in fact giv en more foundation to the civil freedoms and rights of people (Paul Rosenweig, Alane Kochems & James Jay Carafano, 2004). To prevent abuse, the Act has been one of the most extensive reporting procedures attached on any law (Rosenweig, Kochems & Carafano, 2004). But the question lies not in the benefits, but whether the law should be encated as is, with amendments or totally scrapped. Many critics of the Act have demonized the legislation as an instrument of abuse and a threat to individual rights (Paul Rosenweig, 2004).In the lifetime of the Act, many of the provisions in the law have either been amended, changed and re-worded to effect changes in the law to make it adapt to broader changes to attain less then defined and specific goals (Gamboa, 2008). But after all the smoke of critcism has cleared, one thing is still evident, the Act is still a very important tool in the fight against terrorism (Rosenweig, 2004). In the past, law enforcement groups were limited in the amount and quality of information that they could pass on to each other. The Act virtually did away with that limitation (Rosenweig, 2004).In this light, a majority of Americans, about 60 percent, are in favor of re-enacting that Act, but oppose any additional powers given to entities like the Federal Bureau of Investigation, like access to electronic mail, issuing subpoenas (Gary Langer, 2005) and to limit the access or rights of immigrants on U. S soil (New York Civil Liberties Union, 2005). Congress, basing on the utility of the Act, must enact the Act, subject to thorough study and discussion. Under the current ambit of the law, it is the people of the United States that are more apprehensive of the law than the intended terrorist targets (Gamboa, 2008).Many of the oppositors of the Act even claim that the law was just a cover for some law enforcement agencies to obtain the new expanded powers in the Act (Encarta, 2008). But again, the law and its effects would be more beneficial than the percieved threats to the citizenry (Rosenweig, Kochems & Carafano, 2004). And that is where the powers and wisdom of the members of Congress must step in to review and take action against the threats that the Act has seemed to conjure up (Rosenweig, Kochems & Carafano, 2004). References Gamboa, J. B. (2008, September 11). The Patriot Act.The Daily Aztec -9/11 where are we now http://media. www. thedailyaztec. com/media/storage/ paper741/news/2008/09/11/911WhereAreWeNow/The-Patriot. Act-3425472. shtml Langer, G. (2005). Poll: support seen for Patriot Act. Retrieved September 25, 2008, from http://abcnews. go. com/US/PollVault/story? id=833703 Mil Net. (2001). U. S. Patriot Act of 2001. Retrieved September 25, 2008, from http://www. milnet. com/pat-act-HR3162. htm MSN Encarta. (2008). Patriot Act. Retrieved September 25, 2008, from http://encarta. msn. com/encyclopedia_701712693_3/Patriot_Act.html New York Civil Liberties Union. (2005). Oppose expansion of USA Patriot Act. Retrieved S eptember 25, 2008, from http://ga1. org/nyclu/alert-description. html? alert_id=1303074 Rosenweig, P. (2004). United States. Retrieved September 25, 2008, from http://italianlibertarians. tripod. com/id12. html Rosenweig, P. , Kochems, A. & James Jay Carafano, J. J. ( 2004). The Parito Act reader: understanding the law's role in the global war on terrorism. Retriieved September 25, 2008, from http://www. heritage. org/Research/HomelandDefense/upload/69895_1. pdf The Patriot Act The United States 9/11 attack has marked a significant event in the history. The attack against USA was a proof that even strong and imperialist countries are never safe at any time. It has severely damaged the US reputation and challenged them further – economically, politically and socially. This system reluctance has made citizens and government more vigilant of their safety, and consequently it led US into formally launching laws and policies that aimed to strengthen their defenses against terrorist activities.Immediately following the 9/11 attack, the US government was fast into amending the US Patriotic Act (Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism). This act contains 157 sections, which includes legal responses to assist terrorist victims, protect civilians from fake solicitations, and provide benefits for public safety (Perez, 2003).The act gave more ability to the law enforcement bodies to investigat e on cases suspected to involve local and foreign terrorist activities, more power to target monetary transactions that possibly induced terrorist connections and filter against all electronic communication devices that may be infiltrated by terrorist activities (Gable). According to the US government and its supporters, the US Patriot Act shall be able to reveres terrorism efforts and effects in several ways:(1) The Patriot Act allows investigators to use the tools that were already available to investigate organized crime and drug trafficking; (2) The Patriot Act facilitated information sharing and cooperation among government agencies so that they can better â€Å"connect the dots. â€Å"; (3) The Patriot Act updated the law to reflect new technologies and new threats and; (4) The Patriot Act increased the penalties for those who commit terrorist crimes (The USA Patriotic Act: Preserving Life and Liberty, pp.1-4). However, several years have passed since the attack and since th e start of the implementation of the act, numerous claims of its inefficacy have emerged; moreover, instead of its benefits being publicized, its negative implications and results are rather more rampant. Shortly two years since the 9/11 occurrence, and even right at the moment that we speak, numerous cases of violations of human liberties have bee n reported to have thwarted the civilian.More so, it has nourished the feeling of discontent and dissent over concerned citizens as the act continued its â€Å"rampage against terrorism. † What the act has merely done is to limit the privacy of the civilians. The act has legalized all sorts of interferences towards the private messages and way of communication that every individual goes through against their will, and even behind private citizens’ knowledge and consent (Kranich, 2003).The act, though it has indeed signaled the intensified battle against terrorism, it has also catered the arena that strengthened the backbone for government intervention against private citizens. Ironically though, the same provisions that are supposedly and potentially to be of important use in order to eliminate terrorist activities, are the same provisions that have suppressed the liberty of individuals and have further violated human rights in a number of ways.Amidst the oppositions from concerned groups against the passage and the continuity of the amendment, still the US government pursued its interest to counter terrorism even against the will and support of a large part of the American citizens, as well as other citizens around the world. Now, looking back at the instances starting from the attack, towards the end wherein the US legalized such provisions for the US Patriot Act – it is only rational to take a look on what it has caused and asses if the result was worth taking the risk once more if the provisions of the act are to be renewed.Personally, if I were to take a vote on whether the act should be re newed, I would rather have it reassessed first and point out the blunders that have caused too much opposition against it. At one point, the act was passed under limited time and too much pressure from the international community as it was enacted shortly after the 9/11 attack, it is enough to say that it was passed without proper deliberations (Van Bergen, 2002) Moreover, changes are really ought to be done in order to create a just and equal standpoint in battling against terrorism.One thing that should be changed is the utter disrespect against individual liberty that it encourages. Anything that directly and deliberately limits and suppresses the freedom and privacy of an individual must be opposed just because of mere suspicions. If anything must be done that shall violate the rights of the individuals, proper investigation must take recourse and until sufficient information are gathered, no one holds the right to interfere against anyone’s privacy.Though the US Patriot Act was implemented in its goal to counter terrorist attacks and to further protect the welfare of the American citizens, as well as other citizens in world but, it should not be forgotten that the basic right to freedom of the individuals should not be put at stake. Countrywide safety is really important, however, to totally violate the human rights is also as dangerous as what terrorism can bring, thus justifying the changes, if not the repeal of the US Patriot Act. References Department of Justice. The USA Patriotic Act: Preserving Life and Liberty.Retrieved from Life and Liberty database Gable, Garrett. Effects of the USA Patriot Act. Retrieved December 2, 2007 from Kranich, Nancy. (2003) The Impact of USA Patriot Act: An Update. Retrieved December 2, 2007 from Perez, Paul. 2003. USA Patriot Act helps efforts to combat terrorism. Retrieved December 2, 2007 from St. Petersburg Times Van Bergen, Jennifer. 2002. Repeal the USA Patriot Act. Retrieved December 2, 2007 from www. tru thout. org

Application of Discounted Cash Flow

As per the ratio analysis determined from the financial statements of TNO Limited, it can be said that the net profit ratio of the company declined in the current unaudited period compared to that of the previous year by around 9%. Similarly, return on assets of the company also declined by around 10%, which indicates that the capacity to generate revenue from the assets is not sufficient. Working capital ratio of the company reflected 1.91, which was higher in the previous audited financial year indicating that the value of assets has been declined in the current year to meet the current liabilities. According to the financial statements of the company, it can be said that the net income reflected declining trend in the current financial year. It has been observed that the revenue of the company also reflected 58% decline compared to that of the previous year 2009 indicating reduction in the overall expected rate of return. During the current financial year, it has been noticed that the solvency ratio of the company declined in the current year, which was 0.50 in the previous audited period that may lower the return on investment and increase the cost of capital structure (Knechel & Salterio, 2016). On the contrary, liquidity ratio of the company reflected increased value in the current financial year, which reflects the ability of the company to convert resources in cash within short- term period (Lu, Wu & Yu, 2017). Considering the non- current assets of the company, it can be said that the value of investments has been increased in the current year. Increase in value of investments has been measured through properties, which was valued by directors as per the basis of financial year 2010 (Kou, Peng & Wang, 2014). Accordingly, it can be said that the investment valuation of the company reflected risk of decline in market value that may affect the true and fair view of the assets value. In addition, the account of intangible asset valuation reflects significant risk of correct valuation, appropriate amortization charges and value as per the current and fair market rates (Uechi et al., 2015). While planning and performing analytical procedures, it is essential to measure the significant risk present in the financial statements to assess the materiality and relevance of the financial performance of the company. In the present case, the areas that have been considered for significant risks are investments and intangible assets other than overall income statement and balance sheet. The investment account has been identified for significant risk since it covers a significant area of company’s asset and overall financial position. It is essential for a company to measure the appropriate and correct value of investments in accordance with the fair market value (Delen, Kuzey & Uyar, 2013). In case of TNO Limited, investment of surplus funds and property market is principal business activities therefore it is essential to conduct appropriate audit test on the value of investments. It is important to conduct detailed valuation of the investment together with the current mar ket value as well as interest rates along with the verification of accounting records of investment. On the other hand, valuation of intangible assets has been considered since it involves a significant area in the company’s overall asset resources. Since, TNO limited has been involved in research and development of technologies, it is essential to consider appropriate value of intangible assets as per the current market structure. Delen, D., Kuzey, C., & Uyar, A. (2013). Measuring firm performance using financial ratios: A decision tree approach.  Expert Systems with Applications,  40(10), 3970-3983. Dudzi?ska-Bary?a, R., & Michalska, E. (2015). Visualisations of the risk investment valuation and the level of inventory control using the GeoGebra software.  Studia Ekonomiczne,  247, 7-19. Knechel, W. R., & Salterio, S. E. (2016).  Auditing: assurance and risk. Routledge. Kou, G., Peng, Y., & Wang, G. (2014). Evaluation of clustering algorithms for financial risk analysis using MCDM methods.  Information Sciences,  275, 1-12. Lu, L. Y., Wu, H., & Yu, Y. (2017). Investment-related Pressure and Audit Risk.  Auditing: A Journal of Practice and Theory. Mohammed, M. I., Omirin, M. M., Singhry, I. M., & Auwal, U. (2016). Application of discounted cash-flow (DCF) models in the valuation of investment properties in Nigeria.  International Journal of the Built Environment and Asset Management,  2(1), 25-36. Uechi, L., Akutsu, T., Stanley, H. E., Marcus, A. J., & Kenett, D. Y. (2015). Sector dominance ratio analysis of financial markets.  Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications,  421, 488-509.

Strategic Planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Strategic Planning - Essay Example a. Demographic Trends Demographic patters offer a description of the changes, which involve sizes, age structure, geographic distribution, ethnic mix, and distribution of income (Ireland el at, 2009). These patterns enable the business to focus on understanding demographics of a certain area. Apparently, Wells Fargo Bank needs to understand alterations, which occur in different parts of America. Nevertheless, Wells Fargo has focused on the ability customize their market; for instance, numerous bankers are multi-lingual in order to increase their ability to deal with diverse population. b. Economic Trends Increasing rate of unemployment has been associated with high rates of interests and foreclosures. Well Fargo is focusing on avoiding the subprime market, which they feared more compared to their competitors during economy downfall. Moreover, the bank was able to pay the â€Å"bailout†, which was provided by the government and led to substantial profitability in 2010. During t his recession, the Well Fargo identified ways of assisting their customers and remaining profitable despite these economic conditions. c. Political Trends There are strict political and legal implications in the banking and mortgaging industry in which Wells Fargo Bank operates. In fact, these implications have effects, which lead to financial reforms laws. On the other hand, there are resent issues, which are influencing the trading in the financial industry. d. Social Trends Wells Fargo has depicted increased interest in taking their social responsibility; in fact, they have a vision of building their corporate vision to assist their customers and ensure that everyone is succeeding in the community. On the other hand, they focus on offering members of the society equal chances of opportunities and prosperity for different walks of life. Therefore, they are struggling in being socially responsible through their financial services. e. Technological Trends There are technological pat ters, which have become prevalent in banking industry; through in other situations it poses threat to financial businesses. There are numerous programs and firms that are operating online and they are exploiting technology as a source of competitive advantage. f. Global Trends Apparently, Wells Fargo does not operate in the global market; through they deal with customers from different counties and ethical background. In this case, the bank has identified the need for understanding the global perspective, which is highly applicable in to their business. g. Physical Trends The company runs efficiently, whereby they take numerous steps of protecting the natural resources, and this has significant benefits to the future generation. On the other hand, they Wells Fargo bank has gained ability to engage their customers and communities in stewardship effort, through which they achieve significant impact (Wells Fargo, 2009). h. Industry Environment The industry environment entails the barri ers to entry into the market, suppliers bargaining power, buyers bargaining power, availability of substitutes and competitive rivalry; in this case, industry environment is perceived in these dimensions. i. Operating Environment Operating environment entails five segments, which include competitors, creditors, customers, labor, and supplies. In this case, the competition has decreased significantly due to four choices in the financial

Emirates Airline's Company Strategy Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Emirates Airline's Company Strategy - Case Study Example The events of eleventh September 2001 affected all countries of the world. This is because Airline Companies were now seen as vulnerable to terrorist attacks. Many believed that the bombings that occurred in 9-11 could only have been achieved if there was a security breach at the Pentagon and also in some Airports. This event discouraged some passengers from flying and it also affected customer expectations. Clients now expected airlines to increase their security in all airports. This has now become a determinant factor when clients are choosing an Airline. Many Airline Companies ; especially those ones found in Western countries made the choice of expand their operations using the hub and spoke model where flights cater for clients going from an origin market to a specific destination. These expansions saw creation of about seven hundred and fifty mainline jets. This was a huge overestimation because market share is quite low in the origin-destination market. Consequently, many Airline Companies lost a lot of revenue because there was hardly any return on their investments. Supply definitely exceeded demand and it therefore became uneconomical to use this model. Most Companies within the Airline industry have been focusing on short term rather than long term profit margins. Most of them have been trying to improve their performances within the stock exchange over an abnormally short period of time. Since it is almost impossible to increase profitability overnight, companies decided to increase Airline tickets and the pressure was then transferred to the consumer. The major problem with this is that companies were harming the same people who were the main source of revenue and this has resulted in long term loses as consumers dashed off to other low cost Airlines. 2 There is a looming economic crisis in the Airline industry if conventional carriers do not up-their -game; low cost airlines. In the past, low cost airlines had only one unique product offerings for their customers that is low ticket charges. However, with the passage of time, these companies have become very competitive. Most of them now have the ability to attract a hoard of clients through good customer service, top of the class aircrafts and efficient employees. Their emergence has led to the decline in corporate fights and shift to mainstream offerings. 2.2 Social Most Airline companies may opt to host a range of aircrafts within their hubs or ports. As much as these aircrafts offer unique services to a host of clientele, they can become a source of concern when considering the kind of staff one needs to recruit. For example, is an Airline Company owns Regional jets Twin engines Four engine Turboprops Wide-body Narrow body All these various types of aircrafts will require their own pilots and engineers. They may have different qualifications and may also require different pay. Such ideas are quite sustainable if the economy is stable, but most countries have been experiences upsurges; it has therefore become difficult to maintain the payment schedules of al their employees given the fact that most of them belong to different labour unions. 3 2.3 Technology During the mid and late nineties, there was a huge demand for technology. Most airlines throughout the world were also overtaken by this technological boom. They incorporated it into their operations,