Langston Hughes Essay

The Harlem Renaissance took place in 1920s to the mid 1930s, it happened in New York City and it was a cultural bloom. The literary and artistic movement spurred a new black cultural identity. The reason why it occurred was because after the civil war the former slaves all went and lived in the same area, and that was the area where people started creating their own art and literary to define who they were. During the Harlem Renaissance the black people had almost no rights in politics and in society with white people. Even though no deference were shown to the black people, heroes and inspirations flourished and all of them were extremely passionate with what they did. One of the most important figures of literary during the Harlem Renaissance was Langston Hughes,(Swisher 1) he was a poet and a story writer. Amongst many works, the two poem Langston Hughes wrote called â€Å"Democracy† and â€Å"My people† received a lot of love and respect from people. James Mercer Langston Hughes (February 1, 1902- May 22, 1967) was an American poet and a storywriter. He was born in Joplin, Missouri. He started writing poetry when he started living with his mother around the age of 10 in Ohio. (Langston Hughes 1) His first poetry was â€Å"The negro speaks of rivers† which was published in The Crisis magazine. After dropping out of Columbia in 1922 he traveled around Europe and published more poems. When he came back to America, he met Vachel Lindsay a famous poet that helped promote Hughe’s poetry, which made him more known. Few years after that he not only wrote books and poems, but even plays and lyrics for a Broadway musical, he became the first poet to make a living by writing. Langston Hughes 2) Hughes died from prostate cancer, but not all of him died, he became an inspiration to others and still remains a historical figure of the Harlem Renaissance. â€Å"Democracy† (1949) is a poem about Langston Hughes’s point of view of politics. He had the same views as an average black person living in Harlem. In this poem Hughes stresses the point of freedom as one of the most essential factor a person needs. The main conflict in this poem is that no freedom will come to them. Hughes wrote â€Å"Democracy will not come, Today, this year nor ever† This shows how black people were treated in order for hem to feel this hopeless about their freedom. Hughes also displayed how desperate he was with his freedom, he said â€Å"I have as much right as the other fellow has to stand On my two feet and own the land. † He compares himself to other white people that are free. When he says this he is not representing himself only, but every single African American. The tone of this poem is hopeless. The poem is clear in it’s meaning and straightforward with the ideas, which allows people to picture how it is without fre edom. Hughes uses a metaphor that helps the poem’s tone to stand out more. He uses two metaphor, the first one is â€Å"I cannot live on tomorrow’s bread. † When he says this, he means he cannot live unsure and needs the basic factor that all human beings have, food is the most basic necessity us human beings need in order to survive, one will not be able to survive when they rely on food that will be given to them tomorrow. When he says â€Å"Freedom is a strong seed† he emphasizes that one can only be free when everyone around them is not racist and supportive, and the idea that it will only flourish when the seed is strong enough for the outcome. The tone of seriousness and a few metaphors in addition constructs the poem perfectly. There are two distinct themes in this poem, which is freedom and racism. The clarity of this poem makes it obvious for readers to know his point. He compares himself with others to highlight the fact that he wants equal treatment in his own country, and even uses metaphors to show what freedom means to him. On the other hand, the theme of racism is behind the poem, having knowledge about his biography; readers can clearly understand why Hughes felt this way. The second poem â€Å"My people† was written in 1923. My people is a very short poem that not only expresses his affection for his people but it also has a message of equality. He tries to help people understand that there are a lot of different qualities to black people. â€Å"Beautiful, also, are the souls of my people† (Hughes 1923) By saying this Hughes is describing that his people are not cold, but are also warm like the sun. He also tells the readers that â€Å"Beautiful† can be used to describe a lot of things. In every stanza he has the word â€Å"Beautiful† and they each have a different meaning, for example The night is beautiful† can be describing that black is beautiful, which relates to his people being beautiful, or when he says the â€Å"Stars are beautiful† he means that white is beautiful. The tone of this poem is pride, Langston Hughes being one of the first writer for using his situation (not having rights in anything) as an inspiration. ( Butler 1) His inspiration then guided him to write a poem about his people with pride. He describes them with the nature’s elements and always has a â€Å"My† before people. The imagery that is shown to the readers also helps shine the tone, everything being beautiful and so positive, we can tell that Langston Hughes was definitely a proud person who wasn’t ashamed of where he came from. Speaking positively about â€Å"his people† he conveys a lucid tone throughout this poem. The theme of this poetry is equality. It is obvious when a reader finishes reading the second stanza. Hughes uses metaphor in this poem to show the theme, the first stanza of this poem, he compares â€Å"the night† to the â€Å"faces of my people†, this portrays his thoughts about being black, it is beautiful to Hughes. In the second stanza Hughes compares his people to the stars, this is the controversial stanza because stars are white but in the first stanza he mentioned that black is beautiful too. This just portrays perfectly that color or race didn’t matter, everyone was equal and individuals had bits of each other in themselves. The last stanza when he compares the sun to the souls of his people, he depicts how warm and bright his people are, not dark and evil. More over, if the author did not use any metaphors and was straight forward, it would depict the theme as well as it would have had. This is a beautiful poem that doesn’t question anyone why Langston Hughes was so widely loved. In conclusion, one of the most prominent figures in literacy during the Harlem Renaissance was Langston Hughes, he was a great writer that wrote about various ideas and had a very unique way of thinking. (Butler 1) He is truly an inspiration not only to black people but to everyone, he teaches us that we can convert whatever we have in our mind to assemble a beautiful poetry about his people, or a hopeless poetry about his situation. Hughes still remains a legend in the literacy world and will never be forgotten.

Benefits of Online Shopping

Benefits of Online Shopping: 1) Convenience: The convenience of this method of shopping is the best advantage of online shopping. One does not have to wait in a line or wait till the shop assistant is ready to help with the purchases. Shopping can be done in minutes even if one is busy apart from saving time and avoiding crowds. Online shops give the opportunity to shop 24 x 7 and also reward us with a ‘no pollution’ shopping. There is no better place to buy information products like e-books. Immediately after the payment is made one can download the information.And downloadable items purchased online eliminate the need for any kind of material goods at all. 2) Better Prices: The cheap deals and better prices we can get from online stores is fascinating because products come to you direct from the manufacturer or seller without middlemen involved. Many online shops offer discount coupons and rebates. Apart from this, the Online Store is only required to collect sales tax if they have a physical location in our state even if we buy from a store across the world. ) Variety: The choices you can get for products are amazing. One can get several brands and products from different sellers at one place. You can get in on the latest international trends without spending money on airfare. When you shop online, you can shop from retailers in other parts of the country or even the world without being limited by geographic area. These stores offer a far greater selection of colors and sizes than you will find locally. ) Send Gifts: Online Shopping makes sending gifts to relatives and friends easy, no matter where ever they stay. Now there is no need of making distance an excuse for not sending a gift on occasions like Birthday, Wedding Anniversary, Marriage, Valentine’s Day, Mother’s Day etc. 5) Fewer Expenses: Many times when we opt for conventional shopping we tend to spend a lot more than the required shopping expenses on things like eating ou t, traveling, impulsive shopping etc. ) Comparison of Prices: Online shops make comparison and research of products and prices possible. Online stores also give you the ability to share information and reviews with other shoppers who have first-hand experience with a product or retailer. 7) Crowds: Crowds force us to do a hurried shopping most of the time. Grumpy or irritating people and those who smell bad are a huge turn off. Crowds also create a problem when it comes to finding a parking place nearby where you want to shop and going back to your vehicle later loaded with shopping bags. ) Compulsive Shopping: Many times when we go out on Shopping we end up buying things which we do not require because of the shop keepers up selling skills. Sometimes we even compromise on our choices because of the lack of choices in those shops. 9) Buying Old or unused Stuff at low prices: Online Shops make it possible for us to buy old or unused stuff at rock bottom prices. If we want to buy anti ques there is no better options than online stores. 10) Discreet Purchases: Some things are better done in privacy. Online shops are also best for discreet purchases like adult toys, sexy lingerie and so on.

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Mandatory Recycling in the USA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Mandatory Recycling in the USA - Essay Example Air pollution that coming from the process of burning fossil fuels is one of the common factors that causes acid rain. (U.S. Geological Survey and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1999) In other words, electric utility plants are among the major sources of emitted sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide that are present in the atmostphere. As explained by Science, global warming and the nitrogen oxide present in the acid rain could cause negative impact on the environment aside from declining the annual crop yields due to the presence of flood caused by typhoon and/or prolonged hot season that often leads to the growth of new pesticides and fungicides. (Hampton, 2008; Union of Concerned Scientists, 2006) For this reason, income from agricultural activities becomes lesser. On the other hand, the thinning of the ozone layer could cause human beings to suffer from skin cancer and other related health detriments. (The Daily Galaxy, 2007) Aside from causing serious damage on agricultural products, acid rain could also severely damage our natural sources of water such as lakes and streams. (U.S. Geological Survey and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1999) Given the fact that trees absorb water from the ground, there is a higher chance that trees and other plants would die caused by high amount of acid found in the ocean, lakes, streams, rivers, and water reservoir. For this reason, forest degradation is most likely to occur.

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Our National Debt (USD) Today Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

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Custom Web Design, Database Design, and Integration Essay Example for Free

Custom Web Design, Database Design, and Integration Essay Welcome to SofterNet your source for web design and internet programming solutions! SofterNet is a highly motivated web design and development company based in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina. Our goal is to successfully deliver web solutions to both local and global clients. Whatever your web design and development needs may be, SofterNet can provide you with the perfect solution by using the best technologies, techniques, and developers available in the world. Individual components of your website such as custom web development, Flash design, graphics, virtual tours, programming and internet marketing are done by developers whom we have personally chosen due to their specific training in the before mentioned skills and abilities. From conception to branding to implementation, SofterNet is proud to provide you with a turnkey solution that is within budget and on time. We provide web site design, updates, search engine optimization and domain name registration in all-inclusive packages that promise to make it easy for you to get on the web fast and hassle free. At SofterNet, when your need meets with our expertise, we call it a solution. Services Custom Web Design, Database Design, and Integration At Softernet, we can create a custom website, either static or dynamic, that represents your company’s image and gives your business a unique, professional look. Do you need an efficient database driven website? Softernet has the ability to create exactly what you need at the price you can afford. We are also proud to offer FileMaker software. FileMaker is a powerful database that can be accessed by almost any system and is used to integrate companies quickly and securely. It can also be programmed to automatically take care of everyday tasks, receive data entry faster, and make sure that your work is presented perfectly every time. 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Maybe you have concerns about learning to update your site. Worry no more! We offer Content Management Systems Softernet can integrate a web based content management tool into your website to allow you to instantly update your site without any technical knowledge. With the content management system, you will be able to add, modify, and remove content as easily as using a word processor program. You’ll love the simplicity, and your customers will love your up to date website! Now your website is up to date, but you want to venture into ecommerce. We can help with Ecommerce Solutions Do you need to sell your product from your website, but you don’t know how to start? We provide professional ecommerce services such as web design, shopping cart development, and integration. Your services can be for sale in no time! But, how are people going to find your site and your services? Here’s how Search Engine Optimization Softernet makes all our websites search engine friendly! 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We will then get to work on building the perfect website for your particular needs. Thank You Softernet would like to thank you for requesting a quote for our services. We will review your information, and we will contact you as soon as possible with your quote. Thanks again for using Softernet, and have a nice day.

Impact of Tax Essay Example for Free

Impact of Tax Essay Income tax is a tool to achieve economic growth in any country. Income tax is accepted not only as a means of raising the required public revenue, but also as an essential fiscal instrument for managing the economy (Burgess, 1993). Of all the taxing systems, income tax plays a major role in generation of revenue and distribution of income in any country. If income taxation is poorly designed, it may lead to fiscal imbalance, insufficient tax revenue and distortions in resource allocation that can reduce economic welfare and growth (World Bank, 1991). Hence, an ideal tax system would achieve a balance between resource allocation, income distribution and economic stabilization (Lewis, 1984). Patterns of income taxation (both in level and in composition) differ from country to country because of economic, cultural and historical factors. Ratios of tax revenue to gross domestic product (GDP) in developing countries are typically in the range of 15 to 20%, compared with 30% in industrialized nations (World Bank, 1991). It is also established that countries have different approaches to tax administration. Maisto (1988) stated that â€Å"contradictory approaches towards the subject matter have been shown by the tax authorities of different countries because of their diverging interests†. An optimal tax rate has to compromise between the state’s revenue and its economic development. A high tax rate would deter saving and development, while a lower tax rate would lead to less revenue to the state. A tax directly influences the savings of individuals and companies; it is a double edged sword used to curtail consumption activity and at the same time, allows the taxpayer to save money in different development activities (Swami, 1995). The income tax financing the current social security benefits such as health, security and provision of utilities draws heavily upon income that otherwise would have been saved. Instead of accumulating capital, this income goes to social security transfers which are probably consumed (Boadway, 1982). Bartik (1994a and b) suggested that a 10% lowering of taxes would raise employment and investment between 1 and 6%. World Bank periodically relates that economic development is directly correlated to the level of taxation, more so in developing nations where the lower marginal tax rates have higher economic growth. In addition, policy makers in these countries have a â€Å"keen interest in the elasticity of economic activity with respect to taxes, suggesting that states and regions are interested in manipulating their tax systems in an attempt to attract business or to foster growth† (Wasylenko, 1997). On the other hand, income tax rates are increased due to factors such as enormous reduction in the purchasing power of money, heavy tax erosion, urgent need for yield and dynamic public expenditure (Fossati, 1992). While dealing with the effects of income tax rates (ITR) on economic reforms, Henry and William (1996) suggested that one should evaluate the desirability of reform proposals and the impact of such reforms on individuals and businesses as a whole. They further stated that ITR change would revolve around three factors: the tax base, allowable deductions and economic development. While dealing with the ITR, it is suggested that one should study the effects created by these rates, especially the impact of ITR on economic growth (Holger, 2003). Various governments have different approaches and methods of fixing the ITR. The French Government recently introduced preferential tax treatment by reduced ITR for young innovative companies completely based on the economic growth. The scheme was originally proposed to the State by French biotechnology as â€Å"a way to rapid and strong economic growth† (European Chemical News, 2004). Martin and George (2003) analyzed several tax rates and expenditure categories and concluded that the tax system has a direct impact on the growth rate of the economy of a country. Long-term economic growth has a direct link with the country’s tax policy (John and Pamela, 2003). Fixation of ITR may be based on different systems of taxation. Akira (2003) demonstrated that a flat rate wage tax stimulated economic growth, while interest income taxation did not foster such growth. Tetsuo (2003) suggested that taxation based on environmental pollution factors results in two contradicting issues such as reduction in production and increase in tax revenue, but in the long run, this system will help the healthy economic growth for future generations. Olhoft (2003) is of the opinion that spending millions of taxpayers’ money on tax breaks and tax incentives is most likely a misguided strategy for any State when the State is in budget deficit.

How Does The Media Influence Young Girls Media Essay

How Does The Media Influence Young Girls Media Essay There are many programs and magazines, such as Americas next top model and Seventeen magazine, that are watched and read by many teenage girls. These girls are insecure and want to be popular, handsome and well-liked. The young women are therefore easily influenced by the information they receive from the media. An average teenage girl hides herself using tons of make-up and beautiful clothes, because she is insecure about her outer appearance. Every morning she has to get herself prepared for the day. She decides to skip her breakfast, an extra hour of sleep, or even her first lesson. She takes a shower, puts on enough make-up and dresses herself well. These girls are influenced by the beautiful and perfect women, whose pictures are showed in advertisements and on TV. A variety of programs show us public images of how you should dress, look and act. The young girls wish that they are also perfect, with the perfect dress and with the perfect make-up; so that they are attractive to boys and that they look like the girls and women on TV. Well known make-up artists such as Rimmel London and Max Factor present their make-up with skinny girls, who have the perfect skin and the perfect look. So the question is, are they selling the product, the make-up, or are they selling the beautiful woman? The advertisements are indeed selling the product, but they are also selling the image of the ideal woman. They emphasize thinness as part of the females beauty. These women, who are on the covers of the magazines, serve as an example for the teenage girls. They also want to be thin, have big boobs, and a beautiful skin. These images affect the girls own self-image. Not only the models have a great influence on the girls, also the articles written in the popular teenage magazines have a great influence on the young women. The articles explain the girls about the ideal appearance. Articles like How to look attractive to boys and How to achieve the perfect look, hair and face are extremely normal. An article on the website of Seventeen magazine gives you the perfect example of such an article, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¾New Makeup Promise to Boost Your Mood!  [1]  This article is about a new make-up that promises to make you happy. It explains about the ingredients, such as Euphoryl, Murumuru Seed Butter and Theobroma Grandiflorum, whatever they are, and I am sure that girls, who read this article, think about buying this make-up, without realising if these ingredients really work! Outer appearance has become very important throughout the years for everyone, because of the media. They emphasize the importance of the physical appearance and that is the way advertisers sell beauty products such as day and night creams and make-up. Women and teenage girls therefore strive to achieve the ideal outer appearance presented by the media. They are not satisfied with their own body and are doing anything to become beautiful. Do you recognize these young women? I bet that almost two third of the teenage girls could be compared to the average teenage girl who has been influenced by the media. These girls are boring and not outstanding. Thus, the media should stop offering false information to young women about the perfect body. The media encourages the girls to have a negative self-image. In fact, a person who is fat and walks like a duck has probably a more beautiful personality than the other girls. Although these girls are not to blame, the media is. (617 words) By writing an opinion column, I wanted to express my opinion about how the media influences young women, because advertisements, commercials, TV programs and magazines are all influencing the teenage girls by giving them false information. An opinion column should not be written in a particular style. As a columnist you are free to write in your own style, although it still has to be worth reading. So my first objective was to write a convincing opinion column that would be easy to read for most people. Therefore I didnt use many difficult words and tried to be convincing by giving the reader important information about the influence of the media. My second objective was to inform the people about the influence of the media on teenage girls. I explained the average, insecure teenage girl who can be easily influenced by beautiful models printed on the cover of the popular teenage magazines. As an example I described a daily morning of an average teenage girl. Every morning she has to get herself prepared for the day (paragraph 2). The girls strive for having the perfect face; therefore they skip their breakfast to prepare for school. To support my opinion about the influence of media I used another example. On the website of Seventeen magazine, an American magazine for teenagers, I found an article that was called: New Makeup Promise to Boost Your Mood! (see stimulus material). This article is about a special make-up that would make the girls happier. Young teenage girls are easily influenced by this text and by the convincing title, because the title makes a certain promise to you. My third objective was to explain what image the advertisements and commercials are selling. I explained the ideal outer appearance and why it has become more popular over the years. They emphasize thinness as part of the females beauty. (paragraph 3) My last objective was to imitate the layout of a newspaper, using columns and an appropriate title. To accomplish this objective I looked at other opinion columns, and imitated the layout of the page. Stimulus material: article New Makeup Promises to Boost Your Mood! January 4, 2011 at 2:58:00 PM by Seventeen Magazine Its no surprise that when youre happy or excited you ace a test, your boyfriend sends over flowers for no reason, your face has a gorgeous glow. (Feeling beautiful = looking beautiful!) But what about a makeup product that produces the same effect? The Happy Booster Glow Mood Boosting Blush and Face Powder by Physicians Formula promises to lift your spirits. Its the first-ever makeup line developed to stimulate happy thoughts through mood-enhancing ingredients, color therapy, aroma therapy, and texture therapy. Basically, it copies the effect of endorphins, aka happy molecules, which produce a sense of well-being. (Your body releases endorphins during exercise, which is what makes you feel great afterward.) Other ingredients include Euphoryl, which is an anti-depressant packed with Omega-3, as well as Murumuru Seed Butter and Theobroma Grandiflorum Seed Butter, which make skin feel silky-smooth and appear luminous. Finally, its blend of floral scents refreshes your mood. And how cute is this packaging?! All this happiness is contained in a heart-shaped plastic compact with a pink metallic base. It comes in a face powder (see above), blush, and bronzer, and each is a variety of overlapping different-colored hearts. So, the big question: can you buy happiness? For $11.95-13.95 at select drugstores, you just might come close!

Blakes View on Oppression of Children by Adults Essay -- William Blak

Blake's View on Oppression of Children by Adults Blake was a poet who wrote in the Romantic period. He had idealistic views about life, and believed that the traditional country way of life was the best way to live. He despised the industry that was establishing itself in England because it was the opposite of the ideal country lifestyle that Blake idealised. The idea that Blake believed that children were oppressed is an interesting one, because, there are a number of poems which suggest different ideas about this topic. The poems that I will be using to address this issue are ‘The Echoing Green,’ ‘Nurses Song,’ from innocence and the ‘Nurses Song,’ from experience. ‘The Echoing green,’ is quite a positive poem. The image of the sun rising: ‘The sun does rise,’ on the first line symbolises new life beginning and immediately establishes a positive tone to the poem. In the second stanza Blake writes, ‘Such, such were the joys When we were all, girls and boys, In our youth time were seen On the echoing green.’ This image shows that the memories of the old people when they were children are of the ‘joys†¦On the echoing green.’ This doesn’t suggest that they as children were oppressed. The use of the word ‘joy,’ shows that people were happy to see them playing, and that they were happy too. Blake uses an image of children sitting about their mother’s knee, he writes, ‘Round the laps of their mothers Many sisters and brothers.’ This image of children around their mother’s knee is an image of security and safety. The fact that they feel they can sit about the knee of their mother, in this stereotypical image of a happy family doesn’t suggest that the children in this poem are oppressed... ...y has a negative view of the childish desire for play which clearly has an effect on the children. The fact that they the are whispering shows that they are afraid of the nurse, and that they cannot express their true thoughts and desires freely, which is why they whisper, and therefore shows that Blake feels that children are oppressed. I feel that the two poems from innocence which are ‘The Echoing Green,’ and ‘The Nurses Song,’ display Blake’s ideological view of country life which I referred to in my introduction, and show his desire for childhood to be enjoyed. But the ‘Nurses Song,’ form experience shows the reality of life: that it is hard, and people, like the nurse in the song aren’t happy and full of joy, like the memories of the old people in ‘The Echoing Green,’ and therefore, Blake’s poetry confirms the view that children are oppressed by

Drown Essay -- Junot Diaz

Drown   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"The fact that I am writing to you in English already falsifies what I wanted to tell you.†(Diaz) Drown; a compilation of short stories, by Junot Diaz portrays the integration of fiction and truth. Yunior, narrator, as he tells his stories, he exaggerates and jumps from one period of his life to another. The characters of the story can relate to many young adults. Their experiences and the journeys of their lives are what most Hispanic teenagers go through. The 10 different stories explain the different themes shown throughout the book. The Hispanic community faces many problems and Diaz states a couple of them; gender immigration, violence, drugs, family, cultural identity, and the Latin experience. In the beginning, Yunior and Rafa are both ignorant and show a sign of hate towards Ysrael. The story about Ysrael is that when he was a baby a pig bit him on the face. They find out about Ysrael, because a boy told them a story about him. Yunior and Rafa both show their views of ignorance and hatred towards Ysrael. One day they decide to go and look for him. Once they find him their first attempt is unsuccessful. Yunior and Rafa are trying to go along with the other kids so they can fit in. But when Yunior befriends Ysrael, he begins to have a serious conversation with him. Yunior is content talking with Ysrael, because he begins to realize that they share similar interest. Also both have family in the states. Yunior believed Ysrael when he told him that he wa...

Classroom Management Goals Essay

To implement an effective teaching procedure, I have established a set of goals which can serve as my guide in teaching. My goals are the following: To establish an environment conducive for learning, interaction and development To encourage and motivate my students for continuous academic progress through academics and social activities. To uphold good behavior and attitude through respect, understanding, integrity and responsibility inside and outside of the classroom.   Classroom is the most important place where the teacher and the students interact and learn from each other. Therefore, a systematic classroom procedure must be established to effectively impart learning in an efficient way (Bosch 2006). It is also very important the students are aware of these procedures before implementing it in the class. An agreement between the teacher and the students should be ensured so that any misunderstanding can be avoided (Walden University 2009). Through this, the teacher can easily control the class and motivate them to do whatever task they are assigned to do. Desks and tales should be arranged properly in order to encourage students to participate in class not only through discussions but also through interaction with other classmates(Laslett and Smith 1984). Students, regardless of their nations will be asked to sit together based on a seat plan that I will established. This strategy will develop the students’ mental and social abilities. I believe that if the students are arranged side by side, they will be more motivated to work and seek learning even among themselves.   I will also implement monthly seat plan to make sure that all the students will be able to work with all their classmates for the entire academic year. The use of facilities such as the computer and other references can be used upon my permission. As a always, the teacher’s desk is off limits to the students and the student will only be allowed to get something from the teacher’s desk given that he/she is permitted by the teacher. Drinking fountain, sink and pencil sharpener can be used even without permission. Lastly, all the facilities and learning materials should be kept clean and neat.

God Is love Essay

Love is the air. We breathe this air and so it is in us to love. Just like the involuntary need to breath in oxygen and breath out carbon dioxide we need to love and be loved. It is near impossible to ignore that the presence or absence of love in someone’s life as it plays a magnificent role in all things regarding that person. God has created us diligently and therefore he has by default bestowed upon us his greatness – his loving nature. We are born with the ability to receive love, reciprocate it and the true deep desire to do both. God made us to love and I mean two things when I say that. Firstly, we were made to comprehend the love God has for us. He wants us to feel the love he feels towards each and every one of us which explains our senses. We can see the darkness, hear the depression, feel the disconnect, smell the rotting and taste the bitterness of a love deprived place. God made us to love us and so it only makes sense we try to serve our purpose. We are not here on earth to serve him as he does not require anything to continue to be himself. The beautiful construction of humans the way our minds work with our hearts allows us to receive love and understand it. For example; your mom wakes up early every morning to give you a kiss before you go to school and you take that kiss as her love. In the same way, everything you have been blessed with you can see and understand that it is God’s love. When we understand that we are truly loved, reciprocating becomes easy. Secondly, it is in our nature to reciprocate love. A simple example of how I believe reciprocation is nature; someone helps us with your homework we will most likely help them with theirs if they ask. Couples consist of two people the love each other, meaning reciprocation is happening and that is the case for almost all couples. Now in regards to the Almighty, he made us to bless us, to love us. We often assume that we were created to serve, love, and worship him. These are good and holy actions, but they are just the responses to God’s initiating act of love. He does not need anything we have to offer. A lot of us do feel this strong desire to love God back. It is evident in a lot of the things we do; religion class, going to church, being grateful, understanding the emphasis put on helping others and abiding by his rules even though we may not understand the reasons behind each. When we are aware someone loves us we cannot help but feel the need to love them back. Finally, beyond the fact that love is such a natural thing and the fact that it is something we do without much thought it is something we personally desire to do. The importance of love in life is beyond the logic of give and take. I can say everyone I have come across is on the pursuit of happiness; everyone desires to feel good regardless. Something we know, even if it is knowledge buried deep inside, is that love is blissful. We meet that bliss in our mothers’ arms, in our fathers’ words and in our lovers touch. The feeling of loneliness bugs each and every one of us at some point and we realize it is not a way we enjoy feeling. Loneliness sometimes does not leave us alone even while we are with others, however love is something that keeps us company even when we are alone. A lot of us have this void within we spend our lives trying to fill. Quite like the Prince who ran around with Cinderella’s glass slipper searching for the one who fits it perfect. Love fills our voids perfectly. We can take love, we can give it back and the essence of life is the craving to do so. God is everywhere, God is love and so love is the air. If you can breathe you can love and if you need to breathe you need to love.

Peer Assessment Essay

Introduction This paper discusses the implementation of peer assessment strategy that I carried out in a primary school in Dar es Salaam during my practicum. It consists of a background, rationale, the implementation process and conclusion. The challenges encountered and their possible solutions on how to overcome them.. Background Black and William (1998) define assessment as all those activities undertaken by teachers, and students in assessing themselves, which provide information to be used as feedback to modify the teaching and learning activities in which they are engaged. There are two major types of assessment, formative assessment and summative assessment. And thus, Peer assessment is one of the forms of formative assessment. Besides, Higher Education Academy- UK, (2006) is an alternative form of assessment in which learners are given the opportunity to measure and evaluate each other’s compliments of the specified learning outcomes. It is used to involve students more closely in their learning and its evaluation and enable them to really understand what is required of them. (Phil et al 2006) This is a form of formative assessment which teachers can use in class assignments, tests, presentations, project based work and practical tasks. These tasks can be performed by learners either in pairs, by multiple assessors’ or in groups. It is where learners consider and specify the level, value or quality of a product or performance of other equal status learners (Topping, 2008). This therefore means that learners are able to learn better because they assess their peers work and give appropriate feedback which helps them to improve their own work. It also leads to a number of benefits in terms of the learning process for instance encouraging thinking, increasing learning and increasing students’ confidence Gardner (2006), students find it easier to make sense of criteria for their work if they examine other student’s work alongside their own. It is uniquely valuable because the interchange is in language that students themselves would naturally use, because they learn by taking roles of teachers and examiners of others (Saddler, 1998) Rationale. Eckstein and Noah (1992) argue that teachers teach to the test therefore leaving out some non-examinable but important skills set out in the curriculum. This is evident because most schools in the developing world concentrate on exams which is summative assessment and because of the backwash of this type of assessment, it impedes rather than promote social justice by locking many young people out of the education system, (Cunningham 1998). This summative assessment limits potential in enhancing teaching and learning which makes learners not to get prompt feedback to help them improve on their performance (Brooks, 2002). PA saves the teachers’ time because it takes a shorter time to mark and grade assignments using it than when a teacher marks all the books. This gives the teacher ample time to prepare for other lessons. By using PA, the teacher is able to give feedback to the pupils in a littler time than when the teacher uses traditional method of marking. PA was introduced with an intention to encourage students to take responsibility for their learning. It makes them feel valued because their suggestions are put into account. According to Irons (2008) PA encourages dialogue between the teacher and learners themselves as they negotiate the best assessment criteria when making a rubric to evaluate their work. This makes students really understand what is required of them. Phil Race et al, asserts that students learn deeply when they have a sense of ownership of the agenda and if PA is done using the students design, there tends to be a sense of ownership of the criteria used than when they apply the tutors’ criteria. Furthermore, PA allows students to learn from each other’s successes. In some instances students notice that the work they are assessing is better than their own efforts, therefore they can benefit from the work of the most able in the group. Similarly, it helps students to learn from each other’s weaknesses too. When they discover mistakes in their peers work, it is usually good for them as the awareness of ‘what not to do’ increases and therefore refrain from making the same mistake. (Phil et al 2006) Development My practicum was in a primary school in Dar es Salaam city. I was allocated standard seven to teach English. Standard 7A is rather a large class with a roll of fifty three pupils. Boys were twenty eight while girls were twenty five. All were present. This was a double English lesson of forty minutes each. The Topic was Comprehension, Sub-topic; The library; Lenders and Borrowers. My main objectives were; by the end of the lesson, pupils should be able to read, understand, formulate questions, discuss and be able to evaluate their peers work using a rubric. I made a detailed lesson plan showing the teachers and learners activities. My teaching and learning resources were standard seven text books, dictionaries, flash cards with new words written on them, pictures of a library. The lesson started at 8. 00am to 9. 20am. Implementation I introduced the lesson with a vocabulary song as a brainstorming activity that was led by one of the pupils. I explained what I expected of them throughout the lesson, then used the self-selecting method to form groups of six and told them to choose a leader. We went through the guidelines that they would follow in their discussion groups. The passage had six paragraphs so I gave each group a paragraph. The learners read the passage as they listened to one another, noted down difficult or new words, and then generated three questions from their assigned paragraph. I assisted to organise the groups and how they would present. One member quickly read their paragraph as the rest of the class listened, other members gave new words that they came across and the three questions they had formulated. As they presented their findings I was writing on the blackboard the new words they had encountered, and the questions they had constructed. Together we discussed meanings of these words as pupils tried using them in sentences and checking them out in the dictionary. I noted that discussions were being led in Kiswahili though it was an English lesson. Cummins in McKay (2008) and Ellis stated that the first language (L1) is important because sometimes learners first think in it to make meaning in English. However, the discussion was very lively and everybody tried to participate. It also concurred with Goetz (2002) that different views from learners influence the direction of a lesson creating new learning experiences for both the teacher and the learner. As a class, we discussed the questions on the blackboard then I asked them to write the work in their exercise books, collect and put them on the teachers table. Together we discussed and made a marking criterion on the blackboard. I asked the class prefect to distribute the books to the learners making sure that one did not mark his or her own book. They carefully used the rubric to mark their peers work, then returned them to the owners to check and in case of any complains i moderated and explained to their satisfaction. Finally I gave each a foolscap and asked them to write down what they felt about the new method of assessment. This exercise was mainly to analyze the learners’ reflections and to evaluate myself as a teacher. Challenges My first challenge was the English teacher assigned to me was not co-operative. He was not willing to hand over a candidate class to me. I made him understand that my input would be beneficial to his professional development and the students’ grades. During group work, some learners took it for story telling time. I had a rough time controlling the noise and putting them back to focus. The chosen group leaders helped me have order in the groups and ensured participation of all members. Code switching was common as I related with the learners and as they interacted in their discussion groups. It was a challenge because they did not have the confidence to express themselves. Very few picked courage and participated in English. The rest when picked upon would request to speak in Kiswahili. I encouraged them to have confidence and to continue speaking in English because practice makes perfect. The learning environment was not very conducive. The floor was dusty and had pot holes. This was likely to cause health problems and injury. Due to the large class, desks were not enough. Learners shared four or five per desk  which was quite uncomfortable. I advised the administration to discuss the matter with stakeholders so that the class would be repaired and desks added. This class did not have any teaching learning materials on the walls. They only had text books which were inadequate in a ratio of 1:5. Sharing was a problem because not all could access them. I advised the teacher that teaching and learning aids helped students to construct knowledge for themselves and develop effective learning strategies, thus laying a solid foundation for life-long learning. I also urged him to improvise teaching aids by using locally available materials for example, carton boxes to write on vocabularies and sentence structures and hang on the walls. I realized that peer assessment can be time consuming if practiced in a large class. Grouping learners, discussions, presentations and awarding marks consumed a lot of time which affected the next lesson. Since the school had extra classrooms, I encouraged him to create an extra stream and transfer some learners from 7A and 7B to the new stream if learners were to benefit from this kind of assessment. This is because a class of fifty three was too large putting into consideration the slow learners and learners with special needs who needed special attention. Conclusion Peer assessment had good impact on the teaching learning process where the learners and I jointly got involved in the assessment process hence owning the entire peer assessment procedures integrated in the lesson. This resulted into meaningful learning where feedback was instant. However, there were some challenges which we jointly addressed with the learners. For PA to be successful, meaningful procedures have to be put in place. References Black, P. &William. (1998). Assessment and classroom learning: Assessment in education,principles, policy and practice in Irons, A. (2008). Enhancing learning through formative assessment and feedback. London: Routledge. Cunning,G. K. (1998). Assessment in the classroom: constructing and interpreting tests. London: RoutledgeFalmer. Irons, A. (2008). Enhancing learning through formative assessment and feedback. London: Routledge. Race, P. , Brown, S. &Smith. (2006). 500 Tips on assessment (2nd edition). London: Routledge. Shepherdson, D.

Poverty in Philippines

METHODS OF DEVELOPING PARAGRAPHS Description: A paragraph developed by detail, the topic sentence is supported by factual material, either sense impressions or conceptual facts. Almost all writing has some detail in it. The descriptive mode takes the whole (relationship, place, process, etc. ), breaks or divides it into parts or events, and treats each separately. The basic objective of descriptive writing is the depiction of the appearance of people, places, and things. The writer helps recreate for the reader sense impressions (sight, sound, touch, smell, and taste) that have been experienced or observed by the writer.Keep in mind that the purpose of the writing and the audience must be determined: to focus on the writer’s experiences is the expressive aim, to inform or explain information is the expository aim, and to persuade or argue the reader to one side of an issue is the persuasive aim. Narrative: The basic objective of narrative writing is the recreation of a sequenc e of events. The elements of a good narrative are characters, a natural time sequence, plot, dialogue, and a point worth considering. Evaluation: The basis of an evaluative paragraph or essay is to put a value on something (literature, drama, objects, food, wine, movies, etc. To begin an evaluation the writer must first set the criteria on which the object is being judged. Classification: The classification paragraph is usually expository and is a process of grouping terms or ideas that are related in some specific way. Cause/Effect or Effect/Cause ­Usually an analysis mode (or descriptive mode) this process of organizing a paragraph breaks the topic into its parts to establish a cause ­effect relationship among the parts. It carefully scrutinizes the relationship between cause and effect. This method may also be in the narrative mode of chronological order as one sequence follows another.Analysis or Process Analysis ­ This method of developing a paragraph is the process of se parating an object or concept into its parts and then explaining how hey are related to the whole. The functional analysis is usually a sequence of operations or actions by which something is done or made (how to do it). Generally, it is descriptive in mode with a spatial order of development. Example or Illustration ­Examples and illustrations are used in almost all types or modes of writing to help support points that the writer is making.The example paragraph reaches a conclusion (topic sentence) as a result of observing a number of examples and then forms a generalization called induction. One of the most effective ways to support the validity of a conclusion is to relate a few typical examples that led you to such a conclusion in the first place. An example is a specific detail used to attempt to make an abstract idea concrete or a general idea specific. The illustration paragraph is similar to the example paragraph because it, too, is specific in time, place, and action.The main difference is that the illustration paragraph is a story (true or untrue) that supports or develops a main point (the topic sentence). Therefore, an illustration takes the narrative mode and will be in chronological order. When using an illustration to support the validity of a conclusion, make sure that the illustration is concise and to the point, so that the reader does not lose sight of the main idea of the paragraph. The chief value of illustration is its potential to be interesting because all readers like a story.Comparison or Contrast ­ Another method of developing paragraphs is through comparison or contrast. Comparison shows similarities while a contrast shows differences. The main reason for using this method is to explain an unfamiliar object or idea by comparing or contrasting it to a familiar object or idea. The writer may develop the paragraph or essay by first discussion all of one subject and then fully presenting the second subject, or the writer might discu ss one like or different trait with each subject and then move to other characteristics, thus discussing both subjects together.A third method might be to present all of the ways that the subjects are alike and then discuss all of the ways that the subjects are different. Definition ­ A paragraph that is developed by definition answers the question â€Å"What is it? † Usually expository or informational, the definition may be one sentence or extended to be a paragraph, theme, or even a book. It is usually combined with other methods of development. The definition is intended to clarify meaning; thus, it should identify essential qualities and limit the term’s meaning.

VIRTUAL FIELD TRIP TO TOWRAPOINT NATURE RESERVE/BO Essays

VIRTUAL FIELD TRIP TO TOWRAPOINT NATURE RESERVE/BOTANY BAY 1Identify the various plans and animals that occupy this ecosystem.Wading birds, bitou bush, lantana, snakes, crab, river and grey mangroves, salt marsh, algae, small fish, mud whelk.Describe how the abundance of mangrove seedling is measured.The abundance of mangrove seedlings is measured by using the quadrat method. Several set areas of land are randomly marked out, the amount of seedling in each area is counted and averaged. This is then multiplied by the total study area divided by the individual quadrat areaDescribe the distribution of mangrove species.River mangroves prefer to grow in sandy more sediment areas in small clumps, while grey mangroves prefer muddy areas and grow further apart.Identify the producers, consumers and decomposers.Plants like mangroves and salt marsh as well as detritus (mostly dead plants) are producersAnimals like foxes, birds and fish are consumersWhile smaller fish, crabs alga and fungi are decomposersGive examples if any ofa) predator/preyb) mutuali smc) commensalismd) parasitisme) allelopathy(a) birds prey on fish (b) lichen growing on mangrove tree (c) oysters andmangroves (d) mistletoe growing on mangrove bark (e) some fungi stunt thegrowth of other plants 7AdaptationList conditions found in mangrove ecosystem which makes colonization difficult.Little sunlight on floor, very wet, varying salinity.Identify and describe in detail.Mangrove: roots provide structural support in soft soil, also allows oxygen in though the surface.Ibis: lack of feathers on neck to reduce water logging, long beak to probe into mud, long toes to balance on mud.Grey mangrove: taller to reach out of canopy and get more sunlight for photosynthesis.River mangrove: leaves can regulate salinity, and turn in high heat to reduce water loss though evaporation. 8Human impact- Discuss at least three human impacts on this ecosystem. (include a positive one as well). Invasive introduced plants are affecting native plants at towra point. Plants like lantana and bitou bush take up space and steal resources from native plants ever since being introduced in the 1860s, introduced feral animals like foxes and rabbits pose a threat to native species. They eat native birds and other wildlife as well as causing erosion to the soil through burrowing. Many conservation programs are in place to reduce coastal erosion, regenerate habitat and kill non-native species.

Designing For Usability Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Designing For Usability - Essay Example This report covers a comprehensive assessment of the usability test of the website: http://www.cusu.org/. This analysis report will offer a deep insight into the application of testing methods, analysis of the factors of usability for testing, assessment of usability issues in website, recommendations for improving the website’s usability and synopsis of usefulness of the method we chose for overall website analysis. This report will be based on the views of three different users. This report will present the website analysis from views of three users JAMES, ALEX and SMITH. In order to get the views of these users a questionnaire will be used. This questionnaire will be attached in Appendix A. ... These questioners are presented in APPENDIX A. Coaching Method This method is extensively used for conducting usability tests. Seeing that, this method involves the users who can inquire about the system-related issues. Thus, in this method system users will work as trainer. In this report we will use this method for assessing http://www.cusu.org/ for the information requirements of various users in an attempt to offer improved guidance as well as certification, in addition to refurbish the user interface to reduce the need for inquiries. However, it can be done by using questionnaire and distributing it to the website users or analyzers for the enhanced and better assessment of the website (UsabilityHome, 2010) and (Dix et al., 1998). Performance Measurement The next method that we will use will require getting quantitative data regarding test contestants’ execution or performance as those are carried out on the website working all through usability test. However, in order to apply this testing method we will require describing the objectives for the usability testing in scenario of usability features. Moreover, in case of application of such usability testing method we will need to specify the prime usability issues regarding website through dimensions like that users learning time, efficient communications, faults rate, etc (UsabilityHome, 2010) and (Dix et al., 1998). USABILITY TEST FOR THE WEB SITE This section is about the assessment of main parameters of the usability regarding http://www.cusu.org/ website. Here I will assess some of the main functioning and working aspects of the website through the possible working and operational assessments: (Nielsen, 2005), (Dix et al., 1998) and (Kyrnin, 2011) In this section I will

The Influence of Marginalist Revolution in the Economy History Essay

The Influence of Marginalist Revolution in the Economy History - Essay Example (p. 14) As it was mentioned by one of the trendsetters of the movement, William Stanley Jevons: "The theory in question has in fact been independently discovered three or four times over and must be true" (cited in Hutchison, 1978). Let's name one more reason which would be grounded on the practical basis as developing of the viewing of the phenomenon of marginalist revolution provides us with an abundant source of theoretical assumptions which may be of great help while inciting up-to-date serves which are considered obscured or slighted by modern theory (Mirowski, 1988, p. 19). Moreover any uncertainty or confusion over the origins and results of marginalist revolution would give rise possible grave misunderstandings in its description and overviewing. Therefore, to try to explain the origin of the marginal utility revolution in the 1870's is doomed to failure: it was not a marginal utility revolution; it was not an abrupt change, but only a gradual transformation in which the old ideas were never definitively rejected; and it did not happen in the 1870s (Blaug, 1978, p. 322). Some authors challenge that there was any consolidated and deliberate movement. "In its stead, it portrays a haphazard and fragmented agglomeration of economic theorists, whose only common denominators were the twin notions of diminishing marginal utility and utility-determined prices"(Bowley 1973, p. 44). Moreover Bowley stated that none of the notions was especially new in the 1870s, we and may conclude that there was no interruption in the economic concepts of that time and the economic theory has realized one uninterrupted discipline from those time until nowadays (Bowley 1973, p. 49). Thus with the aim of proper investigation of the topic let's determine key fundamentals of marginalism. Briefly speaking it is the theory that determined economic value as a derivation from marginal utility and marginal cost which are considered to be basic marginal concepts. Through the prism of marginalism the most essential thing for the process of decision-making is "the marginal or last unit of consumption or production" (Hutchison, 1978, p. 91). For instance, one car is very helpful for everyday life. An additional car might become helpful if the first one is being repaired or for spares, but it is not as helpful as the first one. The third car has less utility than the previous two cars. Taking into consideration the price of cars, we may claim that many people are not inclined to own three cars as the benefit they are going to receive on the third automobile would be unlikely to go beyond the price (Verdon, 1996, p. 201). William Stanley Jevons from England, Carl Menger from Austria and Leon Walras from Switzerland singly formed the idea of marginal utility nearly in 1870. While discussing who of those three experts had taken the leading place in formulating the theory, Jevons' counterpart found a work of Prussian economist H. H. Gossen (Howey, 1960, p. 7). Gossen was considered as the initial author, and his work was restated using less mathematical methods in order to make it more comprehensible to the public. His relations between value in exchange and marginal utility

In Edith Wharton stories souls belated and Autre Temps Essay

In Edith Wharton stories souls belated and Autre Temps - Essay Example However Edith Wharton in her short stories ‘Soul Belated’ and ‘Auster Temps’ tries to rectify the situation and struggles to present an independent woman who is able to decide for herself and has the tendency and courage to strife for her freedom and happiness. Although the readers get a totally opposite impression as they observe the women protagonists trying to struggle in the pursuit of happiness yet they find themselves failing tremendously. Both the stories project two divorced women and the problems and insecurities they face because of the treatment to which society had subjected them to before and after their divorce. Mrs. Lidcote in Auster Temps’ deal with her insecurities regarding her daughter’s future and the disappointments she faces when she realizes that even after twenty years the society still shuns her. On the other Lydia in Soul Belated is observed to be trying to run away from the shackles of marriage again as she relishes h er new found freedom after her separation from her husband and the eminent divorce in the near future. In Mrs. Lidcote case the readers observe that the woman’s decision to return to states after twenty years to meet her daughter and try to face the cruel society matrons again is a proof of her courage and determination to deal with any sort of unpleasant conduct of the society for her daughter’s sake. However in her particular situation it is observed that she is a victim of society’s prejudices and such a harsh behavior not only effects her emotionally but also takes its toll on her relationship with her daughter and Franklin Ide which becomes quite strained as both the characters in their efforts to protect her from any sort of harm implicitly imply that she is still not accepted by the society matrons. Hence she feels as if she is alone in this world and her desolate state is not because of lack of inner strength to defy the strictures of society and live in dependently but because of the prejudices and impartiality of the society However Lydia from the beginning of the story is depicted in a manner that gives her an aura of vulnerability and projects her as an indecisive young woman as this is clearly apparent from her attempt to avoid discussing the divorce letter. Her attempt to escape from a major confrontation is symbolic of her lack of courage. Subsequently as the story unfolds for her the best solution to every trouble is to try to run away from it as also observed towards the end she again tries to turn her back and run away from Gannett’s offer of marriage. Though she is scared for her image in front of Lady Susan and the rest of her party but she does not makes any attempt to accept her reality and face them like Mrs. Lidcote. Instead she decides to cut herself free from Gannett. Then again in the end it is observed that she succumbs to marry Gannett and this particular action is a testimony against her lack of courage because even when she convinces herself to board the boat at the last moment she runs back because may be she is the conventional sort of the woman who accepts that her existence in this world without a man and a legitimate relationship is near to impossible. So she realizes that rather than fighting fate it is better to give in and face life as it comes rather than anticipating disappointments without taking the plunge. Hence it is observed th

Living on Borrowed Money Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Living on Borrowed Money - Essay Example These people all amassed credit card debt while in college and are now living with the consequences. Student credit card use can cause academic failure, career damage, and a lifetime of physical ailments. Students that are forced to sacrifice their study time for employment are going down the dead end road to disaster. As a student, I can confirm that college is a full time endeavor. Working beyond that, though sometimes necessary, can only detract from your study time and result in a lowered GPA. Making extraordinary efforts to pay a mounting credit card bill will come at the expense of your academic standing. The result will be dropped classes and the potential of academic probation that threatens your ability to get financial aid. These distractions will be the recipe for a failed college experience. For those students who are lucky enough to escape college with a degree, credit card debt and missed payments can continue to haunt them. It is routine for employers to do background checks on applicants that include a credit report. Recent graduates may have a history marred by missed payments and overdue bills. Lynn Nemser, president of a leading management consulting company, says that it is assumed that people with a poor credit rating are less honest and more likely to steal ("Guess Who's Looking").

What form of market structure best describes the supermarket chain in Essay

What form of market structure best describes the supermarket chain in the UK Explain your answer using examples - Essay Example These have led to many analysts accusing them of taking advantage of their market power to evolve an unfair advantage. The Competition Commission (CC) confirmed this indicating that they indeed enjoyed higher gross profits as compared to similar firms in other countries, though their return on capital employed (ROCE) was substantially lower (Smithy, 2002). The total UK grocery stores sales in 2005 generated total sales volume of approximately  £120 billion, which was an increment of 4.2 percent from the previous year. In this category, grocery items contributed 95, which accounts for almost half of all retail sales and 13 percent in household spending. The Office of Fair Trading (OFT) reported that by 2005, the five largest supermarket chains had a market share of grocery items of approximately 75 percent (OFT, 2006). The OFT reports that the expansion of the large supermarket chains into the convenience store sector (those below 280 sq metres) had considerably expanded this market segment, from 54 stores in 2000 to 1306 by 2005 within the UK market. According to IGAD Research (2009), there are 92,796 grocery stores located in Britain by end of 2008. This are divided into four main segments including: convenience stores; traditional retail; hypermarkets; supermarkets and superstores; and online channel [See Figure: 1]. IGAD Research reports that by 2008, the UK grocery market had grown to  £146.3bn, a 4.8 percent rise from 2007. Clarke (2001) reports that the big five supermarket chains account for half of all food retail sales within the UK market while the two largest (Tesco and Sainsbury) command a market share of third of the market share. Due to their predominance, these supermarkets have evolved monopolistic tactics since they control the downstream market or the retail level hence are able to fix prices to generate higher profits by using their market power

BUS IP2 Unit 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

BUS IP2 Unit 5 - Essay Example The company has diverse operations, which are undertaken in the global market and have been found to influence operations and contribution to the firm’s profit. The company also implements diverse hedges against risks associated with exchange rates. However, there are effects of increase and decrease in the dollar’s exchange value on the firm’s profitability. The company has also established schemes to reduce the effect of the dollar exchange to the business operations. General Motors Company Introduction There are various multinational companies in the United States (U.S) that have been found to focus on diverse fields of operations. These companies have been analyzed and found to influence process involved in growth and development in diverse nations positively. This has also been found to create a conducive environment for improvement of individual’s living standards among individuals from diverse communities in the nation. Therefore, strategies have be en implemented to enhance operations undertaken by the Multi-National Enterprises in U.S. General Motors is one among the MNE’s in U.S dealing with automotive. ... However, it has been noted that the American dollar has been weakening over the years, and individuals from other nations have travelled to the U.S as foreign currency is also appreciating. Currency denominations have been found to vary, and this influences export and import price rates in different nations. Therefore, the company managers have established a method that enables other companies from diverse nations to access various goods and services produced by the company (Sinha & Sinha, 2009). This has been attained by evaluating the exchange rates between the U.S company price rates and the partnering nation. The company lowers the price rates of its revenues and costs to nations that have been considered as developing. Also, they should have a greater range of currency difference with the American dollar. This has helped influence development of diverse nations, despite the fact that, the nation is considered to be developing. Nations that are equal and exchange their currency a t fairly same price with the Americans have goods and services offered to them at relative same prices as the export price in the U.S. This has helped the company manage its prices, and reduce cases of loss being experienced in the organization (Feldstein, Hines & Hubbard, 2007). Therefore, the GM Company managers have used schemes that have been considered effective and efficient in ensuring individuals from diverse nations gain access to various spare parts and vehicles at prices that are considerably low and affordable based on their denominational currency. Operations undertaken by MNE's with multiple foreign operations include engaging in productions that

Innocent Drinks Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Innocent Drinks - Case Study Example They had a never give up attitude which helped them to not feel low as soon as they hit an unwanted hindrance during the course of the setting up of their company, right from getting manufacturers to thinking of innovation in the field of providing fresh juices to their customers. Thus, these aspects helped the company to grow, develop and reach success. Expansion and diversification is always the key aspects of helping any enterprise to grow and develop and reach new heights in terms of revenue and sales. Thus, expansion of Innocent Drinks into Europe and U.S seems to be an excellent idea for the company. However, according to the facts presented, except for France, Netherlands and Belgium, the rest of Europe was not helping the company meet a wider range of success. In other countries like Italy, Germany, Sweden and Denmark, the company was not really doing well because of a number of reasons with respect to the beverage. The main reason was that these juices had a longer shelf lif e in these countries; however, these countries already had an established smoothie base, which meant that Innocent Drinks had to beat out a lot of competition in order to set itself or stabilise itself in the region. This was proving to be very difficult for the company, and was leading to marginal or no profit at all, and thus, it is a step that could have been avoided. Instead of France, Netherlands and Belgium, the company should stop selling to the rest of Europe because of negligible returns. The U.S on the other hand, was a much safer and stronger option to expand into, for the company. This was because smoothies as a product were already quite well known and received in the market by the people; thus there was no problem in the demand. For the supply as well, the founders went ahead and established contacts with some leading manufacturers and suppliers in order to set up shop. However, the only problem was beating the tough competition that already persisted in the smoothie m arket. In keeping with the introduction of new combinations of products under the Innocent brand, into different countries and continents, a very bold move was made by the company. Despite the bottlenecks in the business, in my opinion, the company should go ahead with producing and selling ice creams and other such dairy related products in the US and Europe, because both these areas have a high acceptance of such products, and the company can begin by banking on its already established brand name for help. At the time of the case, the company could be valued for a sum of 3 million lira pounds according to a personal opinion, in keeping with the figures that have been presented in the facts. However, despite this, the company should not consider a purchase offer at such a crucial time because this is the main span of its phase of growth and development. This is the time when the company can acquire more and more of the market share and set up a better consumer base. This is also th e time of proper growth and expansion, not to forget penetration into the market. Thus, if the company lost that value of having to grow and develop on their own, and considered a purchase offer at such an early stage, then it would lose its momentum eventually and finally, its value as well. One of the main complications faced by the founders was of whether or not to alter the management structure within the business. According to a pers

Gender inequality Essay Example for Free

Gender inequality Essay This is a theoretical approach which views social institutions as collective tools made to fulfill individual as well as social needs of the larger community. It pays attention to the structure, workings, responsibilities and performance of the society as a whole. Society is therefore seen to consist of subsections of inter-dependent and interrelated people who work together to attain satisfaction and the survival of the whole society. This then calls for the society to be trained in behaviors and roles that benefit the society, with a deep believe that behavior is structural. The first phase in the social sensitization is then adherence to values that outline the general guidelines of the societal roles and norms. Functionalists salute the fact that rules and regulations in the society help to organize and coordinate genuine relationships between different members of the society. The institutions tasked with the above roles include the economy, family, political and educational systems, which all forms the social structure. Within these institutions, there exist interrelated and interconnected norms and roles and thus it is believed to ensure societal conformity. For example, in the family, the interrelated roles are of sons, daughters, husband, mother and wife. (Amartya, 2001, pp. 19) The theory is viewed from different angles and operates on some key concepts. It first views society as a system. A system is a pool of interconnected parts making a move towards same equilibrium. Secondly, for a society to survive, it must satisfy some functional requirements that include reproduction among others. Thirdly, different phenomenon exists because they have to serve a function. Aspects like family, religion, order, media and education have their roles to play for betterment of society. In the social life, production and distribution of goods and services must take place, administrative justice has to occur, political structure must in place and family structure must exist as a means to reproduce and maintain social life. The way these roles are carried out obeys norms and structures of the society. An example of functionalism is gender inequality. Functionalists generally believe that certain degree of inequality is important and functional for the society; the society cannot operate smoothly without a certain inequality degree. In society, functionalists argue that inequalities must exist in the rewards in form of power, prestige, status and income. These disparities will induce each and every individual to perform distinct duties. Social inequalities represent natural inequalities which occur in the division of labour process. Different classes of work produce extra value to the concerned process and therefore require an extra package of reward. In our institutional settings, different subsections have been introduced to solve some functional and special roles. These put pressure on selected areas and groups hence the idea of inequality. Such micro institutions include operative (production), regulatory, legislatory and distributory prerequisites (Ridgeway, 1992, pp. 55). The reality is that each society and individual need to be engaged in solving problems related to control and coordination, production of goods and services and finally best find best and optimal ways of distributing resources. With increasing population worldwide, problems of feeding the individuals have developed thus creating new and more challenging forms and organizations which can coordinate and control various and distinct social units and also develop systems of resource distributions. The only solution to this is introduction of labour specialization and redefinition of assigned duties for fulfillment of specified duties. Ultimately, this results to big man aspect followed by a hierarchical chain with different mandates, duties and privileges. In the societal functioning, the idea of roles is developed into collectivities complementing each other in the functions fulfillment in the society. Most of the roles are bestowed on the social institutions and social structures. The structures perform their roles to assist the society to function. A perfect and equilibrium society is the one where the role and responsibilities are not conflicting, everyone knows and meets his or her role effectively and no discrimination or stratification. A perfect socialization is attained when all societal norms and values are observed and maintained by everybody in the societal settings. However, our today’s institutions no longer value a leveraged socialization environment. This is because individuals in the changing situations are adapting to their responsibilities through a role bargaining process. (Dollar and Gatti,1999, pp. 45) The new and emerging responsibilities are never institutional and conformitive, but are rather geared at building different personalities to perform different roles in the same setting. Because the traditional adaptation process can not respond to sharp shocks and immediate radical changes, structural dissolution and dysfunction has occurred, leading to new system or death of the society. After the society dies, the oneness and status equity spirit dies away and people draw demarcation lines between themselves on the basis of social classes and economic status, hence inequality invades the social system. (Dollar and Gatti, 1999, pp. 89) Functionalist analysis perspective recognizes the society to be composed of various components, the institutions which are functional. Within them there must be institutional roles to be played such that social coherency and mutuality is an objective within many of them. The social structure is therefore bound to attain wide range of goal, a sense which can’t allow them to concentrate primarily on societal affairs. This classifies the institutions with respect to time into either functional or dysfunctional. In this case only only power and coercion can be used to attain functionalism. This drive makes such institutions to develop other alternatives to fulfill the societal functions. Such alternatives are mostly made to help attainment of the institutional goals regardless of whether functionalism is attained or not. When functionalism dies, the institutions are never society friendly and therefore the tendency of status quo is approved and then inequalities rise up. Functionalists maintain their stand on the societal solidarity, without underrating the stratification issue, which is prevalence of hierarchical arrangement of different social classes. Functional prerequisites also include basic needs such as food, shelter, money and clothing. It is believed that social stratification is necessary in stabilization process of the society. This strategy comes along with inaccessibility of resources and the lack of social mobility due to the decay of functionalism. Stratification means that people at the working class have lower chances to advance socioeconomically, at the same time the wealthy continue exploiting proletariat generation, one after the other (Amartya, 2001, pp. 106). Functionalists have also found out that social classes are based on the power over the production process. In this case where function of common goodness is dead, the ruling class is the bourgeoisie and the working class is known as proletariats. These groups hijack and take control of not only production process but also its intermediary means of production. They then strengthen their relationships based on exploiting the rest of the mass in the society. At this stage the society undergoes disintegration and all former social patterns are dropped to give room to the emerging trend of living. This social stratification does not only manifest economic inequality but also power and status differentials. (Lorber, 2001, pp. 67) Functionalist theory says that there exist four classes in stratification that betray societal togetherness and common equilibrium. These classes are propertied upper class, the propertied-less or white collar workers, petty bourgeoisie and working class. Functionalism is a field of thought that puts attention to values and norms of the society. As a matter of diversity, it is the time to think in other terms that would release the society from the inapplicable chores that have been bypassed by time. The theory creates gender roles throughout ones life, permeating from childhood to adulthood. According to the thought, this helps in structuring parenting and marriage patterns. In the mean time, the theory has been outdated because everyone has the sponbsilbility of responding to economic challenges of the family as well as family chores. Studies have tried to compare the way functionalistic theory assigns different duties with respect to gender, and the real life situation given the dynamicity with time. Revelation has been made that women are currently taxed with both work, majority of home chores and child care. On the other hand men are no longer the sole breadwinners of the family (Lorber, 2001, pp. 76). Despite economic contribution, it has been noticed that women have maintained the care giving responsibility in their familial context. As a result, functionalists view family as one of the components of social structure which its goals should be compatible and aimed at and common goal for mutual benefit. If the family is characterized by the above injustices in the allocation of family chores, then the theory flops in performing its duties as a societal conformer. By critically looking at functionalism, it existed and considered lightly the suppression of women in the family, which was considered the most vital institution. Even if the functionalists failed to articulate the conflicts and tensions in the family, they really existed if they were not about to. If that is not the case then functionalist oversimplified their analysis of women concerning work and family and only concentrated on the positive impacts of the family to the society at the cost of women. The mystery in this theory is contributed by lack of the realization that a change can occur in the society that can lead to rebellion or innovation. Some changes build up rebellious atmosphere and thus the society undergoes dissolution. There was also the necessity to consider the effect of both manifest and latent functions in relation to functionalism. Manifest functions are conscious intentions of the actors, whereas latent functions are objective results of their actions and that are unintended. To validate this theory from a personal point of view, a more comprehensive study into the gender inequality in both economic and the social arrangements in our contemporary world is necessary. In day to day life, women collaborate with men in ambiqous and complex ways, with different deprivations and rewards. I think that gender equity sensitive indicators should be developed to enable the functionalism, theory to gain meaningful momentum and focus on common good, an environment without deprivation and stratum. (Ridgeway, 1992, pp. 34) It would be relevant to explore why women’s contributions and efforts do not receive commensurate returns. To excel in this analysis, these indicators should be developed and used, they should be formulated and utilized and identify unrecognized women efforts that go uncompensated. When inequalities hit a society, disparities are witnessed in such as men and women, social classes, racial groups and regional population. In terms of education all possible efforts should be made ensure equality in providing equal opportunity and realization of equal results to each student depending on personal aptitudes, interests and abilities regardless of gender. Discrimination on gender basis is usually demonstrated by factors such as examination result, response of teachers, enrolment levels, interaction of teachers with various topics, students and topics in the school environment. (Amartya, 2001, pp. 31) Functionalists did not consider these kinds of disparities that were covered within the society. School is one of the social institutions that these thinkers believed contributed to social harmony. They could as well consider harmonization issues within the school that are inhuman. If every aspect of humanity was to be put into consideration, then it could not apply to the larger society at the same time ignoring the oneness in the institutions themselves. If school was seen a good centre for transmitting and instilling those values, it should serve as the best example in exercising and applying them in every day life situation. The functionalists should rise to the reality and accept that women are not objects in any setup; they can and do deliver vital and basic responsibilities that should be recognized, appreciated and rewarded. In the working environment the sense of humanity and gender equity must also prevail to pave way for justice. In some institutions, there is no subjection and objection to state or federal laws that guard gender biasness. Instead, discrimination has featured in areas of training, firing, placing, selecting and evaluating employees. When it comes to training, some training programes are made specifically for men, especially in the top management section. The reality is that women can even deliver more than or equally as men in these areas and therefore equal opportunities should be availed to all, keeping in mind work force is made to utilize the capabilities of all employees for betterment of the institution or organization. (Lorber, 2001, pp. 134) From a personal view point, the labour market should not reflect lingering, pervasive and systemic inequality of sexes in society. I therefore advocate for policy for policy reforms at provincial and federal government to encourage change. Affirmative action through quota policies should be introduced to regard childcare as of paramount importance. Government policies should also address the demands of childbearing. In the working environment, it is believed that; women work in part-time or in fields that are not self-directed which pay less, few women work for foreign firms which pay better and the believe that women work for wages tied to performance and therefore earn less. The policy reforms I recommend should address all these injustices. To conclude, functionalism theory can best deliver if it applies the strategies right from the micro institutions themselves then stretch to the entire society. This is because if the social institutions are weak or insufficiently apply these values, the entire society is bound to fail. Reference Dollar, D. and Gatti, R. (1999): Gender Inequality, Income and Growth: Are good times good for women? London, Routledge Amartya (2001): The Many faces of gender Inequality. Journal of gender and gender inequality, Vol. 43 Lorber, J. (2001) Gender Inequality: Feminist Theories and Politics. New York, Roxbury Publishers Ridgeway, C. (1992) Gender, Interaction, and Inequality. London, Springer